Update Date: May 25, 2024
What do you know about Nowruz and Farvardin 13 on the Persian Calendar? Do you know the rituals of Sizdah Bedar? Do you like to read about the rituals of this day? If yes, scroll down, please.
Step into the Iranian culture as we unveil the fascinating ritual of “Sizdah Bedar.” A tradition deeply rooted in history and rich in symbolism, Sizdah Bedar holds a unique place in the hearts of Iranians, marking the thirteenth day of the Persian New Year celebration, Nowruz.
As the thirteenth day unfolds, Iranians venture outdoors to embrace nature and bid farewell to the holiday season. It’s a day filled with laughter, joy, and a touch of superstition, as families partake in picnics, savoring the fresh air and the company of loved ones. But why the emphasis on the great outdoors?
Behind this seemingly simple act lies a profound belief in avoiding the potential misfortunes associated with the number thirteen. Families, young and old, flock to parks and green spaces, carrying with them the remnants of the Nowruz haft-seen table, symbolizing a desire to leave behind any traces of bad luck from the previous year.
But there’s more to Sizdah Bedar than meets the eye. It’s a day of connection, where generations intertwine, sharing stories, laughter, and delectable feasts. It’s a celebration of unity, where the bonds of family and friendship are strengthened amidst the lush landscapes and the promise of a fresh start.
Curious to unravel the layers of tradition woven into Sizdah Bedar? Keep reading as we unveil the enchanting tales, customs, and the deep-rooted significance that make this Iranian ritual a cherished and enduring part of the cultural mosaic. Embark on this cultural exploration with us and discover the magic of Sizdah Bedar.
Sizdah Bedar Meaning
It is customary in Iran that people say the number 13 is unlucky, so they consider the thirteenth of Farvardin as Sizdah Bedar to mean eliminating 13 bad omens. According to the Persian-to-Persian Dictionary by Allameh Dehkhoda, the word “dar” in Sizdah Bedar stands for the word valley.
So, in general, we can say that Sizdah Bedar means to go to the valley and plain, which has the same meaning as going to nature. However, there is still disagreement on this issue of which philosophy is the exact one for Sizdah Bedar. In Iranian culture, it is a special day to have fun in nature and think about getting rid of all the bad omens of the new year, such as:
- Getting married;
- Giving birth to a child;
- Reaching goals;
- Overcoming problems
- And so on.
Celebration of Sizdah Bedar in Ancient Iran
The initiation of the second agricultural semester unfolded with the thirteenth day of Farvardin, signifying a time of reverence for the rain deity and ushering in hopes of a prosperous year. Ancient Iranians embraced this occasion by journeying to their fields and farms, immersing themselves in joyous festivities amid lush, flourishing landscapes adorned with wildflowers and plants. During this celebration, they collected wild greens and crafted special dishes and soups to enhance the communal spirit.
Beyond the agricultural aspects, Sizdah Bedar rituals intertwined with beliefs in destiny and fate. Fortune-telling, the symbolic tying of knots with greenery, and diverse forms of divination became prevalent practices. People perform activities that are deeply rooted in mythological beliefs and cultural traditions, fostering a connection to nature and spirituality Some are.
- Group Iranian games;
- Collective songs and dances;
- Gathering wild plants;
- Horseback riding;
- Lively performances;
- Water activities.
It’s significant that the thirteenth day of Farvardin, acknowledged as the official day of rain-seeking, bore cultural weight across all regions of Iran. The communal sharing of food in open fields and meadows during this period was mentioned in the Avesta, underscoring the widespread nature of this practice.
The celebration of Sizdah Bedar painted a vivid tapestry of agricultural rituals, cultural customs, and mythological beliefs, harmoniously blending to showcase the profound relationship between ancient Iranians and the cyclical rhythms of nature.
The Philosophy of Sizdah Bedar
Sizdah Bedar, within the ancient Iranian tradition, served as a festive tribute to the rain god’s triumph over the drought demon. Following the Nowruz ceremony, the people of ancient Iran would journey to fields and deserts on the thirteenth day, dedicated to the rain god and named Tir or Tishtrya.
They conveyed their aspirations for divine rain showers here amidst joyous celebrations. The pre-Zoroastrian beliefs emphasized prayers and invocations for rain, focusing on the rain god’s victory over drought in the new year. It is a lovely philosophy, isn’t it?
During the Sizdah Bedar celebration, Iranians departed from their homes, immersing themselves in the fields and meadows. They marveled at the wonders intricately woven into human life by the spring season, paying homage to the natural world through rituals and festivities. Of particular interest is the celebration of the twelfth day of the year, followed by a venture into fields and nature on the thirteenth day, marked by joy and rooted in ancient Iranian beliefs.
In the myths of ancient Iran, the universe’s lifespan is depicted as twelve thousand years, concluding with the end of the material existence era and the triumph over darkness and Ahriman. Subsequently, the material world dissolves, and humanity returns to its timeless realm. The thirteenth day of the new year thus symbolizes liberation from the material world and a return to the Minu world, reflecting the profound depth of ancient Iranian beliefs.
Tirrooz
On the Iranian calendar, each day of the month has a particular name, for instance:
- The first day of each month is Overmozd Day;
- The 13th day of each month is Tirrooz which belongs to the god Tir.
Nature day (Sizdah Bedar) is a tradition of ancient Iranians on the occasion of the rain god’s victory over the drought demon. It has been practiced since before Zoroastrianism (1800bc), as stated in the book ‘’From Nowruz to Nowruz ” by Kourosh Niknam (representative of the Zoroastrian assembly) on pages 41 and 42.
The History of the Nowruz Celebration
The history of the Nowruz celebration starts from the time of Jamshid. Jamshid, the ruler of Pishdadi, set up a tent of joy on the 13th day of Nowruz (Sizdah Bedar) in the grass and beautiful plain. This ceremony became a tradition in Iran. And so forth, the Iranians hold Sizdah Bedar outside the house, next to the springs and rivers.
But the history of the Sizdah Bedar celebration, according to the available resources, is all related to the Qajar dynasty. As a result, some scholars have thought that the Sizdah Bedar celebration is more than one or two centuries old.
Sizdah Bedar Traditions
Sizdah Bedar has had special rituals for a long history and has gradually become a tradition. In the following part, you can read about these rituals:
- Tying the Grass on Sizdah Bedar;
- Putting the grass in the river;
- Cooking a variety of Foods and Snacks on Sizdah Bedar;
- Throwing Thirteen Stones Into the Flowing Water.
Tying the Grass on Sizdah Bedar
Most young people on this day tie the grass in nature. In old times, people believed they could establish their marriage by tying the grass. Even today, on Sizdah Bedar, unmarried girls and boys tie the grass. However, people do it to solve their problems. Knotting the grass means tying life with nature so that we always stay green and fresh like nature.
Putting the grass in the river
Wheat, beans, rice, lentils, millet, sesame, and chickpeas were among the grains planted on these bricks. Following this, on the sixth day of Eid, these grains were picked and scattered in the palace halls as a sign of blessing and pregnancy so that that year would be a blessed year for them. The green grass has maintained its position on Haftseen table for years. Zoroastrians believe that green symbolizes the renewal of life and the growing season of seeds as a blessing.
The green planted seeds are now kept on Eid tables from the first of Nowruz Eid (the first day of spring in Farvardin) to the 13th of Farvardin (the first month on the Persian calendar). On Farvardin 13( Nature Day), people leave their green grass wherever the water flows, such as rivers.
In Iranian mythology, there is a goddess named Anahita, the goddess of water and the manifestation of blessing and abundance. When people put their green grass in running water, they give this goddess a kind of gift so they can have a blessed life in the new year.
Sizdah Bedar Food
Sizdah Bedar is one of the days when many families gather together and go to nature to be happy, play a game, sing, speak, laugh, and eat a meal together. Without a doubt, the joyful sounds of children, skewers, and charcoal bags for making Kebab, as well as the sound of the river and nature, are the beauties of Sizdah Bedar day.
At this point, each family decides to cook the meal at home and then take it to eat out in nature or take the uncooked ingredients to make the meal in nature on fire. Most families will have chicken or beef kebab, whether cooked at home or in nature. Naturally, Kebab, skewering beef and chicken kebab, is always a regular part of Iranian entertainment.
Lettuce and Secanjabin are other snacks on Sizdah Badar Day. Secanjabin is made from sugar, water, mint, and vinegar. The mix is eaten with lettuce.
Throwing Thirteen Stones Into the Flowing Water
Engaging in a unique ritual on Sizdah Bedar, individuals from northern Iran commonly partake in the tradition of casting stones into flowing water. Alongside the customary act of throwing greenery into the water, the symbolic release of stones into rivers marks a distinctive aspect of this celebration. Notably, each stone launched into the water holds significance as a representation of a heartfelt wish.
Beyond the northern regions, in areas inhabited by the Kurdish population in Iran, a variation of this tradition involves throwing thirteen stones behind oneself. This act is rooted in a profound belief that it serves as a protective measure, safeguarding individuals from potential misfortune and harm. The act of casting stones, whether into the river or behind oneself, is not merely a physical gesture but a symbolic expression of hope and a desire for a prosperous and secure future.
The symbolism of these stones extends beyond merely casting objects into water. It underscores the interconnectedness of cultural practices with the natural elements, infusing rituals with deeper meanings. The belief in the efficacy of these acts reflects the enduring connection between individuals and their environment, a connection woven into the cultural fabric of Sizdah Bedar.
As the stones break the surface tension of the water, so do they symbolize the breaking of barriers to usher in positive energies. In this age-old tradition, the rhythmic flow of rivers becomes a canvas for the aspirations of those who partake, a silent dialogue between humanity and the forces of nature. Whether in northern Iran or within Kurdish communities, the act of stone-throwing on Sizdah Bedar resonates as a powerful manifestation of hope, protection, and the timeless dance between tradition and nature.
Which Countries Celebrate Sizdah Bedar?
Sizdah Bedar is predominantly celebrated in Iran and holds deep cultural and historical significance. However, due to the Iranian diaspora, the celebration has transcended borders and is observed by Iranians worldwide. Countries with significant Iranian communities, including Afghanistan, Tajikestan, United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and various European nations, partake in Sizdah Bedar festivities.
The celebration carries a profound cultural and symbolic importance rooted in Zoroastrian traditions. Iranians, both in their homeland and abroad, engage in Sizdah Bedar to mark the end of the Nowruz holiday season and welcome the arrival of spring. It is a day dedicated to nature, symbolizing the earth’s awakening from the winter slumber.
The global celebration of Sizdah Bedar is a cultural bridge connecting Iranians to their heritage and fostering a sense of community. In diaspora communities, the celebration becomes a way for Persian speakers to preserve and share their cultural identity with future generations. It provides a link to the homeland and a means of connecting with others with the same cultural roots.
In essence, the celebration of Sizdah Bedar serves as a cultural thread that weaves through the Iranian diaspora, reinforcing a sense of belonging and cultural continuity across borders. Whether in Iran or abroad, the shared celebration of Sizdah Bedar brings people together, fostering a sense of community and preserving the rich tapestry of Iranian culture.
Sizdah Bedar Unveiled: Exploring the Ancient Rhythms of Iranian Celebration
As we conclude our exploration into the enchanting world of Sizdah Bedar, we hope this journey has illuminated the richness of ancient Iranian traditions and the deep cultural ties woven into the fabric of this celebration. Sizdah Bedar transcends time, offering a perfect glimpse into the relationship between humanity and the natural world with rituals that echo through the ages.
The vibrant tapestry of joyous festivities, communal gatherings, and symbolic practices on the thirteenth day of Farvardin reveals the profound connection ancient Iranians shared with the elements and their spiritual beliefs. Every facet of Sizdah Bedar speaks to a timeless celebration of renewal, unity, and hope, from rain-seeking rituals to communal feasting in open meadows.
As we stand at the crossroads of history and tradition, we are pleased to share the echoes of Sizdah Bedar with you. If your curiosity beckons for more, or if questions linger unanswered, we invite you to reach out. Let the spirit of inquiry guide you, and feel free to contact us for a deeper dive into the traditions, myths, and cultural nuances surrounding Sizdah Bedar. Your questions are the threads that weave the ongoing narrative of understanding, and we are here to unravel the mysteries together.
Thank you for embarking on this cultural journey with us. May the echoes of Sizdah Bedar resonate in your heart, connecting you to the ancient wisdom and enduring spirit of celebration.
FAQs
What is the meaning of Bedar in Farsi?
In Farsi, “Bedar” translates to “awakening” or “rise.” The term signifies a sense of emergence or coming to awareness. It’s often used in cultural and traditional contexts, reflecting a symbolic awakening, such as the thirteenth day celebration of Sizdah Bedar in the Persian New Year festivities.
What is the significance of nature in Sizdah Bedar?
Nature symbolizes renewal and the coming of spring. Iranians believe spending time outdoors on this day brings good fortune.
Why do people throw away the sabzeh (sprouted wheat/grains) used in the Haft-Seen table on Sizdah Bedar?
It’s a symbolic act to get rid of the bad luck accumulated in the household during the past year and to start afresh.
How do Iranians typically wish each other on Sizdah Bedar?
Iranians exchange wishes for health, happiness, and prosperity, hoping for a year filled with positive experiences.
Is Sizdah Bedar a religious or cultural celebration?
Sizdah Bedar is more of a cultural and traditional celebration rather than a religious one. It reflects Iranian customs and beliefs tied to the changing seasons.
Is Sizdah Bedar celebrated in specific regions of Iran?
No, Sizdah Bedar is a nationwide celebration observed by Iranians across all regions. It is a communal event that transcends geographical boundaries.
Can non-Iranians participate in Sizdah Bedar celebrations?
Absolutely! Sizdah Bedar is a joyous and inclusive celebration, welcoming people of all backgrounds to join in Sizdah Bedar and experience the cultural richness of Iran.